﻿{"id":76,"date":"2016-05-16T14:57:05","date_gmt":"2016-05-16T17:57:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/150.164.74.193\/ceua_novo\/?page_id=76"},"modified":"2019-06-11T11:32:40","modified_gmt":"2019-06-11T14:32:40","slug":"protocolos-anestesicos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ufmg.br\/bioetica\/ceua\/informacoes-uteis\/protocolos-anestesicos\/","title":{"rendered":"Protocolos Anest\u00e9sicos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Considera\u00e7\u00f5es anest\u00e9sicas em animais de laborat\u00f3rio<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Em pesquisas cient\u00edficas, a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de animais de laborat\u00f3rio representa um dos dilemas mais conflitantes no debate bio\u00e9tico. O principio dos 3 R\u2019s de Russel e Burch prop\u00f5e a redu\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00famero de animais utilizados em cada experimento, a substitui\u00e7\u00e3o por m\u00e9todos alternativos e o refinamento das t\u00e9cnicas objetivando evitar a dor e sofrimento desnecess\u00e1rios deve ser imperativo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Conhecimento pr\u00e9vio acerca da fisiologia, comportamento, t\u00e9cnicas de conten\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica e farmacol\u00f3gica sobre os f\u00e1rmacos \u00e0 serem empregados para realizar procedimentos anest\u00e9sicos, devem ser estudadas. Particularidades e variabilidade esp\u00e9cie-espec\u00edfica existem, havendo grande varia\u00e7\u00e3o da posologia a ser empregada, e a seguran\u00e7a e correto manejo da dor s\u00f3 \u00e9 obtido monitorando e diagnosticando pronto e adequadamente qualquer altera\u00e7\u00e3o observada.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><u>Camundongos e ratos<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Os cuidados pr\u00e9-anest\u00e9sicos de roedores devem incluir uma revis\u00e3o do hist\u00f3rico sanit\u00e1rio da col\u00f4nia e aspecto f\u00edsico do animal. A administra\u00e7\u00e3o parenteral do agente anest\u00e9sico constitui o m\u00e9todo mais comum em roedores. O volume da droga, local de administra\u00e7\u00e3o e propriedades irritantes do agente devem ser considerados. Para minimizar erros em inje\u00e7\u00e3o intraperitoneal, o jejum de quatro horas e uso de agulha 20-22 s\u00e3o recomentadas. A \u00e1gua n\u00e3o deve ser restringida.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><u>Coelhos<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Nesta esp\u00e9cie, o ceco pode atuar como um reservat\u00f3rio para o anest\u00e9sico, alterando o efeito do f\u00e1rmaco. Recomenda-se calcular a dose baseada no peso metab\u00f3lico (peso do corpo X 0.75). A idade, sexo, ra\u00e7a e linhagem, peso e per\u00edodo do dia podem afetar a resposta aos f\u00e1rmacos empregados. N\u00e3o h\u00e1 necessidade de jejum, porque os coelhos apresentam alta taxa metab\u00f3lica e baixo risco de v\u00f4mito. Recomendam-se tubos de 2 a 4 mm de di\u00e2metro para intuba\u00e7\u00e3o endotraqueal, lembrando que somente deve ser feito por pessoas treinadas, por apresentar alta dificuldade para sua realiza\u00e7\u00e3o e alta incid\u00eancia de laringoespasmo. H\u00e1 necessidade de suplementa\u00e7\u00e3o de oxig\u00eanio em animais submetidos \u00e0 anestesia geral.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><u>Su\u00ednos<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">S\u00e3o animais estress\u00e1veis e muito sens\u00edveis \u00e0 conten\u00e7\u00e3o e \u00e0 anestesia. Em alguns casos estes eventos produzem hipertermia maligna, que provoca rigidez muscular, taquipneia, taquicardia e hipertermia, seguida de dispneia, arritimias card\u00edacas e morte. A prepara\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e9-anest\u00e9sica deve incluir jejum s\u00f3lido de 12 horas e h\u00eddrico de 4-8 horas. H\u00e1 necessidade de intuba\u00e7\u00e3o endotraqueal e suplementa\u00e7\u00e3o de oxig\u00eanio nestes animais. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><u>Protocolos anest\u00e9sicos<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Protocolo sedativo e\/ou anest\u00e9sico seguro e eficaz deve conferir adequada seda\u00e7\u00e3o, redu\u00e7\u00e3o do estresse e analgesia, de acordo com o procedimento \u00e0 que o animal ser\u00e1 submetido. Para protocolos sedativos, podem ser empregados os f\u00e1rmacos e sua posologia destacados na Tabela 02, de forma isolada ou associados com f\u00e1rmacos opi\u00f3ides presentes na Tabela 06, o que proporcionar\u00e1 grau de seda\u00e7\u00e3o leve a moderado, possibilitando a manipula\u00e7\u00e3o e avalia\u00e7\u00e3o dos animais, exame f\u00edsico e coleta de sangue por exemplo. Para promover seda\u00e7\u00e3o em grau mais intenso, as associa\u00e7\u00f5es presentes na Tabela 05 devem ser empregadas, e caso seja realizado procedimento mais invasivo que possa cursar com sensibilidade dolorosa, os analg\u00e9sicos opi\u00f3ides devem ser administrados conjuntamente.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Quando se fala em anestesia geral, n\u00e3o apenas imobilidade, miorrelaxamente e inconsci\u00eancia devem ser promovidos ao paciente, mas a analgesia deve imperativa sempre que seja realizado procedimentos invasivos e dolorosas, prezando assim pelo bem estar do animal, reduzindo seu estresse e sofrimento. Para anestesia cir\u00fargica, os protocolos indicados consistem na associa\u00e7\u00e3o de pr\u00e9 anest\u00e9sicos (Tabela 02) seguida da indu\u00e7\u00e3o anest\u00e9sica (Tabela 03) e sua manuten\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser obtida atrav\u00e9s de bolus repetidos do f\u00e1rmaco indutor, bem como pode ser realizada pela administra\u00e7\u00e3o de anest\u00e9sicos inalat\u00f3rios (Tabela 04). Algumas associa\u00e7\u00f5es farmacol\u00f3gicas (Tabela 05) podem ser empregadas, e associadas com f\u00e1rmacos opi\u00f3ides (Tabela 06) promovendo analgesia durante o procedimento.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><u>Cuidados p\u00f3s-operat\u00f3rios<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A recupera\u00e7\u00e3o dos animais deve ser feita em sala aquecida, sem ru\u00eddos e com luz reduzida. A supress\u00e3o do sofrimento e da dor deve ser uma das prioridades da experimenta\u00e7\u00e3o animal. Os procedimentos cir\u00fargicos invasivos s\u00e3o suscet\u00edveis de causarem dor e o estresse p\u00f3s-operat\u00f3rio pode comprometer seriamente o bem-estar animal. A temperatura da sala deve estar em torno de 25 graus Celsius para evitar a hipotermia. Os comit\u00eas internacionais recomendam enfermagem em tempo integral nas primeiras 48 \u00e0 72 horas p\u00f3s procedimento. A dor no p\u00f3s-operat\u00f3rio deve ser pesquisada sistematicamente para determinar se o animal necessita da administra\u00e7\u00e3o de analg\u00e9sico (Tabela 06). A pesquisa envolve v\u00e1rios indicadores como: avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da atividade motora, altera\u00e7\u00e3o da apar\u00eancia, como postura encurvada, piloere\u00e7\u00e3o, secre\u00e7\u00e3o ocular ou nasal; altera\u00e7\u00e3o do temperamento, aumento da agressividade, relut\u00e2ncia em interagir; altera\u00e7\u00e3o na vocaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, batimento ou ranger de dentes; altera\u00e7\u00e3o no consumo de alimentos ou \u00e1gua, perda de peso, diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da excre\u00e7\u00e3o de fezes e urina; altera\u00e7\u00f5es fisiol\u00f3gicas, nos batimentos card\u00edacos, frequ\u00eancia respirat\u00f3ria, press\u00e3o arterial. Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do local da cirurgia: eritema, edema, secre\u00e7\u00f5es, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Tabela 1 <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Valores m\u00e9dios dos principais par\u00e2metros fisiol\u00f3gicos de mam\u00edferos de laborat\u00f3rio.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table width=\"581\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"87\" \/>\n<col width=\"47\" \/>\n<col width=\"63\" \/>\n<col width=\"49\" \/>\n<col width=\"77\" \/>\n<col width=\"69\" \/>\n<col width=\"92\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Esp\u00e9cie<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Peso (Kg)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>f<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(m\/min.)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>VC<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(mL)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Freq.Card.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(bat\/min)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Volume sangu\u00edneo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(ml\/Kg)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Temperatura central<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>o.C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Camundongo<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">0,03<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">180<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">0,15<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">550-600<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">75<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">37,4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Hamster<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">0,08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">80<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">0,8<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">350<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">72<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">37,4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Gerbil<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">0,09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">90<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">0,9<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">260-600<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">75<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">39<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Rato<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">0,2<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">90<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">1,6<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">350<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">58<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">38<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cobaia<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">0,5<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">120<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">205<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">155<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">75<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">38<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Gato<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">26<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">30<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">150<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">85<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">38,6<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Coelho<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">50<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">20<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">220<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">70<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">38<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Primata<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">10<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">35<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">50<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">150<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">75<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">39<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">C\u00e3o<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">15<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">25<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">150<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">100<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">80<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">38,3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Porco<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">20<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">18<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">420<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">80<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">70<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">39<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ovelha<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">45<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">20<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">300<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">75<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">60<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">39,1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cabra<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">50<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">20<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">325<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">80<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">70<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">39,4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Porco<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"47\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">200<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">12<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">3800<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">65<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">65<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">39<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">f= frequ\u00eancia respirat\u00f3ria; VC= volume corrente; freq.card.= frequ\u00eancia cardiaca<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><u>Eutan\u00e1sia<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A eutan\u00e1sia, sacrif\u00edcio humanit\u00e1rio com o m\u00ednimo de dor, medo e ang\u00fastia, deve estar prevista no protocolo experimental e realizada ao final do experimento. No entanto, a obriga\u00e7\u00e3o legal e moral de salvaguardar o bem-estar do animal e minimizar o desconforto deve ser assegurada por sistema de vigil\u00e2ncia, isto \u00e9, planilhas de registro de altera\u00e7\u00f5es cl\u00ednicas, com escore de dor, para identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas e determinar o momento que o animal afetado gravemente dever\u00e1 ser eutanasiado para evitar sofrimento desnecess\u00e1rio, mesmo antes da data prevista. A avali\u00e7\u00e3o dever\u00e1 ser feita baseada na perda de peso, na deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o do estado cl\u00ednico, sintomas espec\u00edficos relacionados \u00e0 doen\u00e7a induzida. O bem-estar animal \u00e9 um pr\u00e9 requisito para resultados experimentais mais real\u00edsticos, portanto devem ser usados procedimentos que reduzam o sofrimento dos animais e melhore o seu bem estar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Os agentes da eutan\u00e1sia, a classifica\u00e7\u00e3o, modo de a\u00e7\u00e3o, rapidez, facilidade de execu\u00e7\u00e3o, biosseguran\u00e7a, indica\u00e7\u00e3o por esp\u00e9cie, efic\u00e1cia e coment\u00e1rios foram detalhadamente apresentados pela AVMA GUIDELINES ON EUTHANASIA. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Refer\u00eancias Bibliogr\u00e1ficas e Literatura Complementar<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ARRAS, et al. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Optimization of intraperitoneal injection anesthesia in mice: drugs, dosages, adverse effects, and anesthesia depth. Comparative Medicine.v51,p443-456. 2001<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">DAMY, S.B. et al. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Aspectos fundamentais da experimenta\u00e7\u00e3o animal- aplica\u00e7\u00f5es em cirurgia experimental. Ver. Assoc Med Bras., v56,n1, p103-111.2010.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">DIEHL et al. A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes. Journal of Applied Toxicology. V21, n1,15-23.2001.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">FISH, R.E.; BROWN, M.J.;DANNEMAN,P.J.;KARAS,A.Z. Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals. Elsevier. 1th edition. 1997.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Flecknell, Paul. Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia. 4<\/span><\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> Edition. Elsevier. 321p. 2015<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">HAU, J.; VAN HOOSIER JR, G.L. Handbook of laboratory animal science. CRC PRESS. 2th edition. 2003.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">LEARY, S. et al. AVMA Guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2013 edition. American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman,serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">PARASURAMAN,S.; RAVEENDRAN,R.; KESAVAN,R. Blood sample collection in small laboratory animals. Journal of pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics. V1,n2,p87-93.2010.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Considera\u00e7\u00f5es anest\u00e9sicas em animais de laborat\u00f3rio Em pesquisas cient\u00edficas, a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de animais de laborat\u00f3rio representa um dos dilemas mais conflitantes no debate bio\u00e9tico. O principio dos 3 R\u2019s de Russel e Burch prop\u00f5e a redu\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00famero de animais utilizados em cada experimento, a substitui\u00e7\u00e3o por m\u00e9todos alternativos e o refinamento das t\u00e9cnicas objetivando [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":27,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-76","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufmg.br\/bioetica\/ceua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/76","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufmg.br\/bioetica\/ceua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufmg.br\/bioetica\/ceua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufmg.br\/bioetica\/ceua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufmg.br\/bioetica\/ceua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufmg.br\/bioetica\/ceua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/76\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":388,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufmg.br\/bioetica\/ceua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/76\/revisions\/388"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufmg.br\/bioetica\/ceua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufmg.br\/bioetica\/ceua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufmg.br\/bioetica\/ceua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}