Doctor from the University of Seville, degree awarded on the initiative of the Conference of Rectors and Presidents of the Universities of the European Union (1997), Doctor in Economic and Business Sciences from the University of Seville, equivalent to the degree of Doctor in Business Management and Organization from the ISEG/UTL (1997). He holds a postgraduate degree in Marketing Management from Harvard University (1990). Master in Business Management and Organization – ISEG/Technical University of Lisbon (1988). Degree in Finance from ISEG/Technical University of Lisbon (1975).